MEDICAL STUDIES

















illustration of a network mate-analysis



































































































Surrogate endpoint Related significant clinical outcome
Cholesterol levels heart attack, stroke, mortality
blood pressure heart attack, stroke, mortality
carotid intima thickness heart attack and stroke
Hemoglobin A1C level diabetes complications




Reference [1]
p-value Significance
0.01 ≤ p < 0.05 significant
0.001 ≤ p < 0.01 highly significant
p < 0.001 very highly significant
p > 0.05 not significant
0.05 ≤ p < 0.10 trend towards significance




















































illustration of covariates and confounders and how they are related to outcomes and exposures

illustration of covariates and confounders and how they are related to outcomes and exposures